為了促進對外直接貿易，馬來西亞政府決定在從吉隆坡國際機場運出的熱帶觀賞魚的程式進行了清理，使其出口時間從6個小時縮短到2個小時。

　　馬來西亞每年觀賞魚的出口大約有6000萬馬幣(3.80馬幣=1美元 )，但去年一年，由於吉隆坡國際機場精簡了出口程式，許多觀賞魚從新加坡運往吉隆坡轉出口，出口額增長了10倍以上。實施了新法規後，政府期望國內這項產業的稅收能達到每年2-3億馬幣。

Malaysia transit time shortened

Clearance procedures for tropical ornamental fish leaving Kuala Lumpur International Airport have been shortened from an average of six hours to two, in a move by the government to boost direct exports. Currently, Malaysian exporters send about RM 60 million (RM 3.80 = US$ 1) worth of ornamental fish abroad every year, but throughout past years, a substantial volume (up to 10 times more in value) has been shipped via Singapore because of the faster clearance procedures there. With the new ruling, the government expects the domestic industry to see revenues of RM
200 - 300 million a year.

亞洲水產品出口商自發設立聯盟

　　來自越南、印度尼西亞、馬來西亞和泰國等各類水產養殖產品和海產品出口商已決定聯合成立亞洲水產品聯盟(簡稱AAF)。聯盟的首要任務了解決如何實施進口國家的法規問題，因為這些法規已對本地區的水產品出口產生了不利的影響。聯盟還將關注如何促進亞洲的可持續水產養殖問題。

SE Asia exporters form a federation

Various aquaculture and seafood exporters’ associations from Vietnam, Indonesia, Malaysia and Thailand have decided to join forces to set up the ASEAN Aqua products Federation (AAF). One of the issues the Federation will deal with is the implementation of regulations in importing countries, which have an adverse effect on exports from the region. Attention will also be focused on promoting the development of sustainable aquaculture in Asia.

泰國蝦農反對政府向歐盟購買空中客車

　　近日，一個泰國的家禽養殖者、飼料廠家和蝦農聯合組織向總理提交的一封抗議信，反對政府從歐洲購買9架飛機的計劃。

　　此項行動是源於這些抗議者對歐盟關於進口食品的抗生素和藥物殘餘測試問題的憤怒，信中宣稱：歐盟不允許有適當的時間讓出口國按照新要求進行調整，而測試事實上是一種貿易壁壘的藉口。這個組織要求政府與歐盟協商，讓他們降低標準，並給出口商時間以按新要求進行調整。

Thailand opposition to airbus purchase

A group of poultry, feed and shrimp farming organizations recently submitted a letter to the Prime Minister opposing the government’s planned purchase of nine aircraft from Europe’s Airbus Industries. The move reflects growing anger over the EU’s programme with regard to testing food
imports for antibiotic and drug residues. The letter claimed that the EU did not allow for time to adjust to the new requirement and that the testing is in fact a disguised trade barrier. The associations want the government to negotiate with the EU for a relaxation of standards (particularly for poultry) and give exporters time to adjust to the new requirements.

越南計劃推進羅非魚貿易

　　據報導越南計劃推進羅非魚貿易，到2010年，產量將達到150,000噸，其中至少有一半將出口日本、美國和歐洲市場。

　　據漁業部官員說，到明年，越南將生產出10，000噸羅非魚，有一半的產品是用於出口。預計越南羅非魚出口額將於2004年達到2500萬美元，於2005年達到4500萬美元。政府計劃提供羅非魚雜交品種的開發服務，而巨大的湄公河三角洲將是理想的羅非魚養殖場所。

Vietnam Plans to Push Tilapia Exports

Vietnam is planning to raise tilapia production to 150,000 tons by 2010 and at least half will be exported to Japan, the US and EU, as reported by Asia Pulse. The fisheries ministry said that by next year Vietnam will produce 10,000 tons and half of the production will be exported. The export earning from tilapia is predicted to be US$ 25 million in 2004 and US$ 45 million in 2005. The government plans to assist farmers with hybrid development while the vast Mekong River Delta has been identified as ideal for farming tilapia.

越南預計今年水產品總出口未能達到預定目標

　　據越南漁業部發言人透露：今年1-7 月，越南的水產品出口額為10.4億美元, 比2001年同期增長2%，但就全年出口而言，可能達不到預計出口額的20億美元。這種下降的趨勢是顯而易見的，因為越南出口歐盟遇到一連串的問題。至今為止，越南出口歐盟的集裝箱有近70 只由於氯黴素殘餘的問題被扣押或退回越南。

Vietnam overall exports may be below target

During the first seven months of this year, Vietnamese seafood exports were valued at US$ 1.04 billion, up 2% compared with the same period in 2001. However for the entire year, the figure may fall slightly below the target of US$ 2 billion, according to a spokesman from the Ministry of
Fisheries. The downgrade in the forecast was thought necessary because of the continued problems faced by Vietnamese exports to the EU. So far, nearly 70 containers have been detained or returned to Vietnam by the EU authorities following discovery of trace amounts of chloramphenicol.

西班牙實施漁業補貼

　　在西班牙安大路西亞的捕撈、貝類養殖和其他水產品養殖者在今後的4年內將收到一筆6.15億歐元的補貼，這筆補貼將用於更新設備和獎勵。

Spain modernization of aquaculture sector

Fishing, shellfish farming and aquaculture in Andalusia will receive aid of Euro 615 million over the next four years to upgrade facilities and for promotional purposes.

美國立法禁止魚子醬

　　貿易鱘魚魚子醬已被美國法律列入了保護專案表。因此，從明年起魚子醬的貿易在美國將被視為不合法行為。由於美國是鱘魚魚子醬的主要市場之一，出口國家可能要承受巨大的損失。

US caviar ban

Sturgeon caviar has been put on the list of items protected by US law; consequently, from next year, its trade will be considered illegal. As the US is a major market for sturgeon caviar, exporting nations can expect to suffer substantial losses.

美國魚子醬進口禁令面臨挑戰

　　在最近美國發佈魚子醬進口禁令後，國際的魚子醬進口商協會決定雇用一位律師這項規定理論。美國是世界鱘魚子醬的主要消費者國，2000年美國的消費量占總供給量的80%。協會說，這項禁令不但不會減少鱘魚的開發，相反，合法並且不合法的出口商還會在其他地方，或在黑市上出售其產品。

Caviar ban challenged

Following the imposition of a ban on imports of sturgeon caviar into the US (see ITN 17/2002), the International Caviar Importers Association has decided to hire a lawyer to challenge the ruling. The US is the world’s leading consumer of sturgeon caviar (80% of supplies in 2000). The Association says that the ban will not reduce the exploitation of sturgeon; instead, both legal and illegal exporters will sell the product elsewhere, or on the black market.

福克蘭本季魷魚生產結束，生產情況令人擔憂

　　福克蘭群島今年春季的魷魚總漁獲量只有481噸，而去年同期的漁獲量是28600噸，甚至在以來最差的漁季裏，產量也能達到22500噸。因此，本次漁季被福克蘭政府認為是有史以來量糟糕的漁季，該政府的收入很大程式是依賴於賣捕撈許可證。在阿根廷水域和公海的生產情況也非常差。

Falklands worst squid season ever

By the third week of March, only 481 MT of squid had been harvested in the waters of the Falklands this season, compared to 28 600 MT in the same period last year. Even in the poorest seasons previously, total catches had been about 22 500 MT. The fact that this is the worst ever season is of great concern for the Falklands government, which is dependent on the profits gained from the sale of squid licenses. Catch rates in Argentinean and international waters have also been extremely low.

墨西哥漁民聯盟建議進行漁業立法改革

　　墨西哥水產養殖和漁業生產者聯盟(簡稱CANAIPESCA ) 建議政府修訂現行的漁業法律。修訂的目的是提高捕撈效率，加強在專屬經濟區的資源管理，並促進本國船隊的發展。

Mexico proposed legislative reformThe National Chamber of Aquaculture and Fisheries Producers

(CANAIPESCA) have proposed amendments to the existing fishing laws. The proposal aims to improve catch efficiency, improve resource management in the EEZ and promote the development of the national fleet.

塞內加爾章魚喜獲豐收

　　塞內加爾本季章魚喜獲豐收，當地漁民說，今年的生產形勢比往年好，每天能夠捕撈30-35噸的章魚。今年的產量儘管達不到1999年的水平，但有望比2000年超出6000噸。即使天氣孬，產量下降的話，每周的產量也能達到800噸。只有公海的漁獲量稍低一些，因為公海的章魚漁業主要是手工漁業。由於今年冬季國內的水產品供給不足，漁民章魚銷售上不成問題。需求很高，價格也呈上升趨勢。按規格大小不同，一般價格在700 至1200塞內加爾法郎/公斤。但從8月的第二星期起，某些地區出現了高達1800至2000塞內加爾法郎/公斤的價格。

　　據漁業產品控制辦公室(簡稱 BCPH )說，他們幾乎把所生產的產品，約2836噸章魚在7月1日至8月6日冷凍出口，主要出口到義大利和日本。義大利和日本的進口商也從毛里塔尼亞和摩洛哥購買章魚以彌補他們國內今年產量的下降。然而，有人認為，這裏的章魚漁業沒有完全遵守最小規格的規定，由於利益推動，有漁民不遵守350克為最小規格的規定。而且上岸量的控制也很難以執行。

Senegal octopus season shows good results

The winter octopus season (Octopus vulgaris) is producing very good results and fishermen from “Petite C矌e” say that this year’s catches compare favorably with previous years. Catches, at 30 - 35 MT a day, are expected to surpass the 6 000 MT volume caught in 2000, although they fall
short of the excellent results in 1999. Even when bad weather causes a drop in catches, it is normal to see weekly landings of 800 MT. Only high seas catches have been low, indicating that the octopus fishery is mainly artisanal. With domestic fish supplies scarce during the winter season, octopus fishermen have had no problems selling their catches. Demand is very high and prices are rising, normally varying between Senegalese Francs (XOF) 700 and 1 200/kg, depending on size. However, record prices of XOF 1 800 and 2 000/kg have been seen in certain areas since the second week of August. According to the Fishery Products Control Office (BCPH), almost all of the production - 2 836 MT of frozen octopus - were exported between 1 July and 6 August, mainly to Italy and Japan. Buyers from Mauritania and Morocco also purchased some of the output to make up for their low catches this year. On the negative side, it is believed that the octopus fishery does not fully comply with the minimum size regulations. Pushed by profits, there are fishermen who do not respect the 350-gram minimum size and some are quoted as saying that landing controls are hardly ever carried out.

烏干達恢復對歐盟水產品出口

　　在歐盟解除對烏干達水產品進口查禁的2年後。烏干達已經完全把其漁業行業重新組織起來。去年烏干達漁業出口收入顯著增長，達到8500萬美元，但其上岸碼頭衛生條件差，船上設備差，以及不適當冷凍設備仍然是個問題。

　　該國的漁業官員說，由比利時私人投資的水產品質量測試實驗室的設立和尼羅河鱸魚的標準重量對促進烏干達水產品出口產生了很好的影響，而且政府又批准7家水產品出口公司，政府還設立水產養殖場，並進行尼羅河鱸魚養殖可行性研究。該國的漁業官員說，現在存在問題是，漁民捕撈不夠規格的情況在發展。為了解決這個問題, 今年早些時間，出口商已接到通知，只收購介於55厘至85釐米之間的魚，這樣可讓魚成熟並恢復湖中的資源。但在實施中，這樣的決定經常不起作用。

Uganda yet to recover from EU ban

Two years after the European Union lifted a ban on exports from East African countries, Uganda has yet to fully reorganize its fisheries sector. While there has been tremendous growth in earnings from the sector with last year’s exports fetching US$85 million, dirty landing sites, poorly insulated boats, and inadequate ice facilities are still commonplace. Industry officials say the establishment of a private quality testing laboratory - the Belgian Chemiphar Laboratories - and standard weights for Nile perch have helped to boost the industry. Uganda has also licensed seven more fish export companies (see note above), while the government has established fish farms and is carrying out research on the possibility of farming Nile perch.
Fisheries commissioner Dick Nyeko says the biggest problem facing the sector is the tendency of fishermen to catch immature fish. To deal with the to buy only fish between 55 and 85 centimetres long. This should allow mature fish to reproduce and replenish stocks in the lake; however, enforcement problems often render such resolutions ineffective.

西班牙水產品人均消費量高達40公斤

　　西班牙水產品每人均消費量高達40公斤，是歐盟國家水產品人均消費量15公斤的兩倍多。西班牙目前人口是4000萬。

Per capita Spanish Consumption

The per capita consumption of Spaniards is at 40 kg every year which is well more than double the EU average of 15 kg. Spain's population currently stands at 40 million.

2015全球將恢復衰退的漁業資源

～世界地球首腦可持續發展會議，8月26日-2002年9月4日。漁業執行計劃：為了達到可持續漁業目標，要求全方位執行下列行動：

(a)把資源維持或恢復到最大的可持續生產產量的水平，要達到這些目標，恢復衰退的資源是一項迫切基本任務，這些資源在可能的情況下，要在2015年之前恢復；

(b)批准或同意，並且有效地執行聯合國的和有關地區性的漁業協定或安排，特別注重對1982年12月10日聯合國海洋法公約和跨界漁業資源和高度洄魚類資源管理規定以及1993年關於促進公海漁船遵守國際公約和管理措施的協定的有關規定的執行；

(c)執行1995年負責任漁業守則，特別是守則第5款所提出的對發展中國家的特殊要求和聯合國糧農組織(FAO)關於行動和技術指南的國際計劃；

(d)制定並實施國家性的，如有可能，制定並實施地區性的行動計劃，使聯合國糧農組織的國際行動計劃生效，特別是到2005年捕撈能力管理國際行動計劃和到2004年的阻止、威懾和消除非法的、不報告的和不規範的捕撈行為的國際行動計劃。建立有效的監視、報道、實施和漁船控制體系，包括旗幟國體系，以進一步推進阻止、威懾和消除非法的、不報告的和不規範的捕撈行為的國際行動計劃的執行；

(e)鼓勵有關地區性的漁業管理組織和安排充分考慮沿海國家權利、義務和利益，在涉及到跨界漁業資源和高度洄游魚類資源時，考慮發展中國家的特殊要求。注重聯合國海洋法公約和1982年12月10日的執行聯合國海洋法公約關於跨界漁業資源和高度洄魚類資源管理的規定；

(f)考慮到漁業補貼對發展中國家的重要性，要消除對非法的、不報告的、不規範的捕撈和過度捕撈行為補貼，同時完善WTO所承擔對漁業津貼原則的說明和改善；

(g)加強國際金融機構、雙邊機構和其他相關信貸機構之間的贈助合作和夥伴關係，以幫助發展中國家，特別是最不發達國家和島國進行經濟轉變，促進他們的國家和地區性的漁業基礎結構和綜合管理以及資源的可持續利用；
(h)鑒於水產養殖對保障食物安全和發展經濟的重要作用，要支援水產養殖的可持續發展，包括小型水產養殖的發展。

Depleted stocks to be restored by 2015

WORLD SUMMIT ON SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT, 26 August - 4 September 2002.Plan of Implementation of Fisheries: To achieve sustainable fisheries, the following actions are required at all levels:(a)Maintain or restore stocks to levels that can produce the maximum sustainable yield with the aim of achieving these goals for depleted stocks on an urgent basis and where possible not later than 2015;(b)Ratify or accede to and effectively implement the relevant United Nations and, where appropriate, associated regional fisheries agreements or arrangements, noting in particular the Agreement for the Implementation of the Provisions of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea of 10 December 1982 relating to the Conservation and Management of Straddling Fish Stocks and Highly Migratory Fish Stocks and the 1993 Agreement to Promote Compliance with International Conservation and Management Measures by Fishing Vessels on the High Seas;(c)Implement the 1995 Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries, taking note of the special requirements of developing countries as noted in its article 5, and the relevant Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) international plans of action and technical guidelines;(d)Urgently develop and implement national and, where appropriate, regional plans of action, to put into effect the FAO international plans of action, in particular the international plan of action for the management of fishing capacity by 2005 and the international plan of action to prevent, deter and eliminate illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing by 2004.Establish effective monitoring, reporting and enforcement, and control of fishing vessels, including by flag States, to further the international plan of action to prevent, deter and eliminate illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing;(e) Encourage relevant regional fisheries management organizations and arrangements to give due consideration to the rights, duties and interests of coastal States and the special requirements of developing States when addressing the issue of the allocation of share of fishery resources for straddling stocks and highly migratory fish stocks, mindful of the provisions of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea and the Agreement for the Implementation of the Provisions of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea of 10 December 1982 Relating to the Conservation and Management of Straddling Fish Stocks and Highly Migratory Fish Stocks, on the high seas and within exclusive economic zones;(f)Eliminate subsidies that contribute to illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing and
to over-capacity, while completing the efforts undertaken at WTO to clarify and improve its disciplines on fisheries subsidies, taking into account the importance of this sector to developing countries;(g)Strengthen donor coordination and partnerships between international financial institutions, bilateral agencies and other relevant stakeholders to enable developing countries, in particular the least developed countries and small island developing States and countries with economies in transition, to develop their national, regional and subregional capacities for infrastructure and integrated management and the sustainable use of fisheries;(h)Support the sustainable development of aquaculture, including small-scale aquaculture, given its growing importance for food security and economic development.

FAO預測2030年世界養殖產品消費將大幅度增長

　　聯合國糧農組織預計到2030年全球水產品消費將到達1.5億噸至1.6億噸。捕撈產量共計大約能達到1億噸，這就意味著剩下的大約33%將由水產養殖來提供應。1999年，水產養殖產品的消費占全球水產品總消費量的26%。

Rise of aquaculture

The Food and Agriculture Organisation’s Global Perspective Studies Unit has predicted that global consumption of fish will reach 150 – 160 million MT by 2030. Catches from the wild are expected to total about 100 million MT, which means that the remainder (about 33%) will be
supplied by aquaculture. In 1999, aquaculture contributed 26% of the total fish consumption.